Siege machinery first appeared in the West during the Carthaginian invasion of Sicily in the late-5th century BC, in the form of siege towers and battering rams.
Introduction
Wheeled Towers (the siege-tower, the Helepolis of Epimachus, the Helepolis of Posidonius)
Tortoises (the 'ditch-filling' tortoise, the 'digging' tortoise, the ram-tortoise, the 'borer', Hegetor's ram-tortoise)
Ancillary machines (the 'sambuca', the 'tolleno')
Roman Siege Machinery (the siege-tower, the ram-tortoise, miscellaneous shelters)
Colour plate commentary
